The US President-elect Donald Trump’s renewed interest in purchasing Greenland has reignited global discussions on sovereignty, independence, and strategic priorities. While Trump sees Greenland as a critical asset for U.S. security and resources, the island’s complex political status and aspirations for independence highlight significant legal and diplomatic challenges.

Greenland’s Ownership: A Historical Overview

Greenland, an autonomous territory under Denmark, has a rich history shaped by colonization and strategic importance. Originally settled by people from the Dano-Norwegian realm, it became a Danish colony in 1814 following the separation of Denmark and Norway. During World War II, the island’s strategic location gained prominence when Nazi Germany occupied Denmark, prompting the U.S. to intervene and establish military bases on Greenland.

In 1953, Greenland officially became a part of Denmark, and its citizens were granted Danish citizenship. Over time, dissatisfaction with Denmark’s distant governance led to the introduction of home rule in 1979, granting Greenland autonomy over domestic affairs while Denmark retained control over security and foreign policy.

Strategic Significance and Trump’s Interest

Trump’s interest in acquiring Greenland is driven by its strategic location and abundant resources. Positioned between North America and Europe, Greenland offers access to critical shipping routes, especially as climate change opens new Arctic passages. The island is also rich in minerals, oil, and gas, making it attractive for economic and technological advancements.

In 2019, Trump described Greenland as a “large real estate deal,” emphasizing its importance for monitoring global rivals like Russia and China. By controlling Greenland, the U.S. could strengthen its Arctic dominance and enhance its military and trade capabilities.

Greenland’s Response: Independence and Self-Determination

Greenland’s leaders have consistently rejected external claims over the island. Prime Minister Mute Egede has stressed that Greenland’s future lies in the hands of its people, emphasizing their right to self-determination. “Greenland belongs to the people of Greenland. Our fight for independence is our business,” Egede declared.

Denmark’s Prime Minister, Mette Frederiksen, echoed this sentiment, reaffirming that Greenland’s sovereignty is non-negotiable. Both leaders have emphasized respect for the island’s ambitions and its people’s aspirations for independence.

Challenges of Independence

While Greenland’s push for independence gains momentum, significant challenges remain. The island relies heavily on an annual subsidy of $521 million from Denmark, which constitutes a substantial part of its budget. Financial independence would require Greenland to develop sustainable economic strategies, leveraging its natural resources without over-dependence on external powers.

Legal and Diplomatic Hurdles

Under international law, Greenland’s sovereignty cannot be transferred without the consent of its people. The United Nations Charter prioritizes self-determination, ensuring that any negotiations about Greenland’s future must respect its autonomy. Moreover, Denmark would have to be involved in any discussions about the island’s status, further complicating Trump’s ambitions.

The Future of Greenland

As Greenland continues to debate its path toward full independence, its leaders are keen to shape alliances on their terms. While the U.S. may seek closer ties with Greenland, experts caution that Greenlanders are unlikely to “switch to a new colonial master.” Future relations must be built on mutual respect and shared interests.

Donald Trump’s vision of acquiring Greenland underscores the island’s global significance, but its sovereignty remains firmly with its people. As Greenland navigates its future, the world will closely watch its journey toward independence and its role in the Arctic’s evolving geopolitical landscape.